Changes

[[File:MSX Sony HitBit HB-10P.jpg|thumb|right|MSX Sony HitBit HB-10P]][[File:MSX2.jpg|thumb|right|MSX2 Sony HitBit HB-F1]][[File:MSX2+ Sony HB-F1XDJ.jpg|thumb|right|MSX2+ Sony HitBit HB-F1XDJ]][[File:MSX Turbo-R Panasonic FS-A1ST.jpg|thumb|right|MSX Turbo-R Panasonic FS-A1ST]][[File:MSX BASIC.jpg|thumb|right|MSX BASIC]][[File:Msx-dos.jpg|thumb|right|MSX-DOS]]'''MSX''' was a standardized range of [[Z80 ]] based 8 bit computers developed by Microsoft and various (mostly) Japanese producers to exploit... Microsoft Software.

=== Unlike the [[Commodore 64]] and [[Atari 8-bit]] computers, the MSX 1 ===standard mandates the same Z80 CPU clock speed (3.579545 MHz, exactly the NTSC color subcarrier frequency) for both PAL and NTSC machines.

Mandatory featuresHowever, PAL and NTSC still have to be taken into consideration when developing a game, as there is less time to do updates at 60 Hz than it does at 50 Hz:* In games made for 60 Hz, the CPU sits idle for 20% of the time when running at 50Hz.* Games made for 50 Hz and which utilise the full CPU can not run properly at 60 Hz.

*CPU Zilog Z80A compatible at 3.579 MHz (8-bit)*RAM at least 8kB. (Most of machines had 64kB built in.)*32kB Main-ROM containing the BIOS and MSX-BASIC version 1.0)*Video Display Processor: Texas Instruments TMS-9918/TMS-9928/TMS-9929**Video RAM 16kB*General Instrument AY-3-8910 Programmable Sound Generator. 8 octaves and 3 sound channels.*At least 70 keys (including five programmable function keysThis is why when developing a game, Graph, Code/Hangul/Kana/РУС, Select, Stop and four arrow keys. Caps and Accents/Dead keys are optional)*Connectivity**One connector it’s best to make it targeted for tape/data recorder**At least one expansion BUS or cartridge slot60 Hz. Usually Then it is the cartridge slot. An expansion BUS must have the standard 50 pin. The pins -/+12V and Sound IN may not connected on expansion bus.**One or two General Purpose ports. The connector is a normal 9-pin D-connector, malewill be much easier to get it to work at both frequencies. (Game controllers and paddle controllers are optional)

Optional features=== Generation 0:Precursors to MSX ===

*Kanji-ROM level 1*Floppy disk drive interface**16kB Disk-ROM containing The machines in Generation 0 are considered the foundational steps toward the creation of the Disk BASIC and MSX-DOS 1 kernel**Floppy disk drive 3standard.5 or 5.25 inch. Some MSX1 computers were sold together with a disk-drive interface and a 360kB (single sided) floppy drive, mostly 3.5" but also 5.25" (mainly used in Brazil, but in While not officially part of the beginning also in the Netherlands)*Printer interface (8-bitMSX family, output only, Centronics 14 pin) (optional, but is actually available on most they share significant hardware similarities with MSX1 computers)*MSX-AUDIO with up to 256kB of sample RAMsystems.

=== Shared Components with MSX1:* ColecoVision, Sega SG-1000 and SC-3000 feature the same CPU (Zilog Z80A) and Video Display Processor (Texas Instruments TMS-9918 series) as MSX1 machines.* These systems use the Texas Instruments SN76489 sound chip, which is closely related to the General Instruments AY-3-8910 Programmable Sound Generator (PSG) found in MSX1.* The SV-318/328 computers use identical CPU, VDP, and PSG hardware to MSX1, with the SVI-BASIC by Microsoft being very similar to MSX 2 ===-BASIC.

Mandatory featuresASCII's president Kazuhiko Nishi saw the potential in the Spectravideo computer system. He wanted to make a world standard for home computers out of the SV-328 design, called the MSX standard. Spectravideo agreed with this, and ASCII started to make some small changes of the design. [https://www.samdal.com/svhistory.htm Source]

*CPU Zilog Z80A compatible at 3<gallery>File:Spectravideo SV-328.579 MHz (8jpg|Spectravideo SV-bit)328*32kB BASIC/BIOS ROM and 16kB Sub-ROM (MSXFile:Spectravideo basic.jpg|SVI-BASIC version 2.0 or 2.1, the latter has the possibility of a RAMdisk bigger than 32kB in BASIC).*RAMFile: Minimum of 64kB*Video Display Processor: Yamaha V9938 (backward compatible Kazuhiko Nishi with TMS-9918 and TMS-9928)Bill Gates.**Video RAM at least 64kB (usually 128kB in almost all machines).*At least 70 keys (including five programmable function keys, Graph, Code/Hangul/Kana/РУС, Select, Stop and four arrow keys. Caps and Accents/Dead keys are optional), QWERTY jpg|Kazuhiko Nishi with JIS or 50 Onjun key layout for Japanese keyboards.Bill Gates*General Instrument AY-3-8910 Programmable Sound Generator. 8 octaves and 3 sound channels.*RTC compatible with RP5C01*Connectivity**One connector for tape</data recorder**At least one expansion BUS or cartridge slot. Usually it is the cartridge slot. An expansion BUS must have the standard 50 pin. The pins -/+12V and Sound IN may not connected on expansion bus.**Two General Purpose ports. The connector is a normal 9-pin D-connector, male. (Game controllers, graphic tablet, mice, paddle controllers are optional)**One Printer interfacegallery>

Optional features=== Generation 1:MSX1 ===

*Memory Mapper, makers have to use it for computers and memory expansions more than 64kB RAM.*Kanji Display**16kB Kanji Driver ROM**16kB Single Kanji Conversion or MSX-JE ROM**Kanji-ROM JIS Level 1 or 2*Floppy disk drive interface**16kB Disk ROM including The MSX1 represents the first official generation of the Disk-BASIC and MSX-DOS1 kernel**One or two 3.5 inch 1DD/2DD/2HD floppy disk drivestandard, many MSX2 computers have a 1DD or 2DD 3introduced in 1983.5" floppy drive built in (2HD is supported by the MX-2021 only)*MSX-MUSIC**OPLL YM2413, 9-channel FM synthesizer)**16kB FM-BASIC ROM*MSX-AUDIO with up to 256kB of sample RAM*RS-232C*Light pen*MSX-Interface (J3125 chip)

Mandatory features=== Generation 2:MSX2 ===

*CPU Zilog Z80A compatible at 3.579 MHz (8-bit)*At least 64kB RAM with Memory Mapper.*32kB Main-ROM and 16kB Sub-ROM containing BIOS/MSX-BASIC version 3.0, with the instructions adding screen scrolling, three new screen modes (see below) and the display of Kanji modes*Yamaha V9958 Video Display Processor: backward compatible with the TMS9918/TMS9928 and V9938. The V9938's light pen and mouse support circuitry was removed Introduced in the V9958.**VRAM 128kB*At least 70 keys (including five programmable function keys1985, Graph, Code/Hangul/Kana/РУС, Select, Stop and four arrow keys. Caps and Accents/Dead keys are optional), QWERTY with JIS key layout for Japanese keyboards.*Kanji Display (Japanese computers only)**Kanji-ROM JIS Level 1**16kB Kanji Driver ROM**16kB Single Kanji Conversion or MSX-JE ROM*General Instrument AY-3-8910 Programmable Sound Generator. 8 octaves and 3 sound channels.*RTC compatible with RP5C01*Soft/Hard reset*Connectivity**One tape/data recorder connector**At least one expansion BUS or cartridge slot. Usually it is the cartridge slot. An expansion BUS must have the standard 50 pin. The pins -/+12V and Sound IN may not connected on expansion bus. (In fact, all produced MSX2+ have only MSX cartridge slots)**Two General Purpose ports. The connector is a normal 9-pin D-connectorbrought significant upgrades over its predecessor, maleenhancing graphics and memory capabilities. (Game controllers, graphic tablet, mice, paddle controllers are optional)**One Printer interface (The printer is optional)

Optional features* '''CPU:''' Zilog Z80A @ 3.579 MHz (8-bit)* '''RAM:''' 64 KB to 256 KB (expandable)* '''Memory:''' Memory Mapper system* '''Operating System:''' MSX BASIC v2.0 or v2.1* '''Video Display Processor (VDP):''' Yamaha V9938* '''Video RAM (VRAM):''' 64 KB or 128 KB* '''Sound:''' General Instruments AY-3-8910 PSG or compatible (e.g., Yamaha YM2149)

*Kanji-ROM JIS Level 2*Floppy disk drive interface**16kB Disk-ROM including the Disk-BASIC and MSX-DOS1 kernel**One or two === Generation 3.5 inch 1DD/2DD/2HD floppy disk drive, almost all produced : MSX2+ machines have a 2DD 3.5" floppy drive built in (2HD is supported by the MX-2021 only)*MSX-MUSIC**OPLL YM2413, 9-channel FM synthesizer)**16kB FM-BASIC ROM*MSX-AUDIO with up to 256kB of SampleRAM*RS-232C*Light pen*MSX-Interface (J3125 chip)===

=== * '''CPU:''' Zilog Z80A @ 3.579 MHz (8-bit), switchable to 5.369 MHz on some models* '''RAM:''' 64 KB (expandable)* '''Memory:''' Memory Mapper system* '''Operating System:''' MSX Turbo R ===BASIC v3.0* '''Video Display Processor (VDP):''' Yamaha V9958* '''Video RAM (VRAM):''' 128 KB* '''Sound:''' General Instruments AY-3-8910 PSG or compatible (e.g., Yamaha YM2149)* '''Additional Sound:''' Most machines include built-in MSX-MUSIC (Yamaha OPLL YM-2413)

Mandatory features=== Generation 4:MSX turboR ===

*CPU Zilog Z80A compatible at 3.579 MHz (8-bit) and R800 at 7.159MHz*At least 256kB RAM with Memory Mapper.*32kB Main-ROM and 16kB Sub-ROM containing BIOS and The MSX-BASIC version 4.0*Yamaha V9958 Video Display Processor: backward compatible with the TMS9918/TMS9928 and V9938.**VRAM 128kB*At least 70 keys (including five programmable function keysturboR, Graphlaunched in 1990, Code/Hangul/Kana/РУС, Select, Stop was the final and four arrow keys. Caps, Accents/Dead and, 実行/Execute, 取消/Cancel keys are optional), QWERTY with JIS key layout for Japanese keyboards.*Kanji Display (Japanese computers only)**Kanji-ROM JIS Level 1 & 2**16kB Kanji Driver ROM**16kB Single Kanji Conversion or most advanced iteration of the MSX-JE ROM*Sound**General Instrument AY-3-8910 Programmable Sound Generator. 8 octaves and 3 sound channels.**MSX-MUSIC built in: OPLL YM2413standard, 9-channel FM synthesizer), 16kB FM-BASIC ROM.**PCM*RTC compatible with RP5C01*System Timer (E6h~E7h I/O ports)*Soft/Hard reset*Device disabler/enabler (F5h I/O port)*Connectivity**At least one cartridge slot. (In fact, all MSX turbo R have two MSX cartridge slots)**Two General Purpose ports. The connector is featuring a normal 9new 16-pin D-connector, malebit processor alongside the traditional Z80. (Game controllers, graphic tablet, mice are optional)**One Printer interface**Mic IN (used for PCM sound recording)

Optional features* '''CPU:''' ASCII R800 @ 7.159 MHz (16-bit)* '''Secondary CPU:''' Zilog Z80A @ 3.579 MHz (8-bit, for backward compatibility)* '''RAM:''' 256 KB or 512 KB (expandable)* '''Memory:''' Memory Mapper system* '''Operating System:''' MSX BASIC v4.0 or v4.1* '''Video Display Processor (VDP):''' Yamaha V9958* '''Video RAM (VRAM):''' 128 KB* '''Sound:''' Yamaha YM2149 PSG* '''Additional Sound:''' Built-in MSX-MUSIC (Yamaha OPLL YM-2413)* '''PCM Synthesizer:''' 8-bit, 16 kHz sample rate* '''Special Features:''' The MSX turboR GT model includes a built-in MSX-MIDI interface.

* Some games did probably benefit from some sort of cross-dev or ports, having some common assets (music, graphics ?).{{#ev* [[Overflow]] from [[Logon System]] released a [https:youtube|azZgvlyojek|384}} {{#ev:youtube|WLkzobK52R0|384}}//youtu.be/jSS08co8zvA Demo for MSX1]* [[SymbOS]] by [[Prodatron]] can run on MSX* [[AMSDAP]] makes it possible to use MSX hardware expansions on CPC

 * [[Overflow]] from [[Logon System]] released a Demo on those MSX1.{{#ev:youtube|jSS08co8zvA|768}}<br>

*[[Media:TMS9918 datasheet.pdf|MSX GPU - Texas Instruments TMS9918]] [[Media:Ti-vdp-programmers-guide.pdf|VDP programmer's guide]]*[http://spatula-city.org/~im14u2c/vdp-99xx/ TMS9918 internals]*[https://youtu.be/2ApafTCylus Hardware sprites internals (TMS9918 and NES PPU)]

*MSX-AUDIO OPL - Yamaha Y8950 [[Media:Y8950 MSX Audio 198608.pdf|MSX-AUDIO OPL - Yamaha Y8950Datasheet]]*[[Media:Yamaha ym2413 frsY8950am.pdf|Application manual]]*MSX-MUSIC OPLL - Yamaha YM2413[[Media:YM2413B(-F).pdf|Datasheet]] [[Media:Yamaha ym2413 frs.pdf|Application manual]]*[https://download.file-hunter.com/Manuals/R800%20User%20Manual.pdf ASCII R800 CPU User Manual (japanese)][https://www.angelfire.com/art2/unicorndreams/msx/Z80R800A.html Z80 and R800 opcode tables]*[[Media:Ricoh rp5c01.pdf|Ricoh RP5C01 Real Time Clock]] <br>

*[https://youtu.be/vAl7CeUqhNo MSX Japanese Commercials] [https://youtu.be/wjfJl4LQKG8 All MSX machines released in Japan]*[https://youtu.be/ZXJa-BhusKM 600 MSX Cartridge gamescartridge game clips] * [https://youtu.be/TBzTIw_YseY Over 100 MSX cartridge games in under 1 hour] [https://youtu.be/guy5g2kszuI Over 100 MSX disk & tape games in under 1 hour] [https://youtu.be/m0EwpffAHdY Over 100 MSX2 games in under 1 hour] [https://youtu.be/msPGlRqtfjY Over 50 MSX Turbo-R games ] in under 30 minutes]1 hour* [https://www.msx.org/wiki/ MSX Wiki] [https://www.msx.org/wiki/MegaROM_Mappers MegaROM mappers]* [https://hansotten.file-hunter.com/ MSX Info Pages]* [https://map.grauw.nl MSX Assembly Page]* [https://problemkaputt.de/portar.htm Noca$h's Portar Doc]* [https://map.grauw.nl/resources/system/msxtech.pdf MSX Technical Data Book]* [https://konamiman.github.io/MSX2-Technical-Handbook/ MSX2 Technical Handbook] [https://archive.org/details/MsxTurboRTechnicalHandBookOCR MSX Turbo-R Technical Handbook (japanese)]* [https://www.samdal.com/spectravideo.htm Roger's Spectravideo page]* [https://youtu.be/tyV_Lze0PB0 Histoire du AFRf87SqWrw MSX Computers - Scrolling, Sprites, and Stereotypes] by [[Displaced Gamers]]* [https: de sa création en //youtu.be/xYr0Gsezx0U Sega Genesis & MSX Hybrid Console] by [[Lady Decade]]* [https://youtu.be/9GrryZdhe3I Casio PV-7 computer: the worst MSX ?] by [[Olipix Retrotech]]* [https://youtu.be/y49rWWlyBxs Le MSX, une machine 8 bits formidable (1983 jusqu'aux dernières versions en 1994- 1991)] by [[Rodrik Studio]]