Changes
/* CHR$ () */
==== <code>LOAD ‹file name›[,‹address›] </code>====
==== <code>LOCATE[#‹stream expression›][,] x,y</code> ====
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:'''P:''' the period number can be a figure between 0 and 4095 (2^12-1... 12 means that we have 12 tones (inclusive half-tones) in nine octaves on the CPC in sum and their distance between is the twelves square root of two), where 8 octaves are available. E.g. Octave 0 starts on middle C with number 478.
: To calculate the period you can use following formula: '''period=1,000,000/(16*frequency)''' or in short '''period=(6562,000500/frequency)'''
: (e.g. the note "A" with the frequency 440 Hz has the period 142 on the CPC)
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==== <code>SPEED INK <n1,n2> </code> ====: ...in conjunction with the SPEED INK command SPEED defines the frequency of colour changes if a colour change was defined. The duration is calculated by n1=... or n2 =duration/50 seconds. ==== <code>SPEED KEY <start,repeat> </code> ====: SPEED KEY command defines the delay after which a key repeat (for keys that do repeat). The first parameter is the delay before the first repeat and the second parameter is the delay between further repeats. Delay is in 1/50th of seconds. :When using it with low values, it is common to associate a key to reset the default speed of 30,2.:For example to associate the key 0 from the numpad:<pre>KEY 0,"SPEED KEY 30,2"+CHR$(13)</pre> ==== <code>SPEED WRITE <n> </code> ====: SPEED WRITE defines the speed at which data is to be saved or written to a cassette unit. n=1 means 2000 baud, n=0 (default) means 1000 baud. When reading from the tape, the correct speed is automatically selected.
==== <code>SQ (channel)</code> ====
: Beware: it only works here with BIT/number conditions one figure smaller than 1, 3, 7, 15, 31, 63 and 127
==== <code>MOD</code> ====
: ['''MOD''' returns a (rounded) rest (Modulos) after dividen has been devided by the devisor...]::'''Example:'''<pre>32767 mod 256255</pre>: Note: only works with numbers in the range -32768 and 32767 (&8000 < 0 < &7FFF)
==== <code>NOT</code> ====
| 1 | &01 | SOH | 0-255 | PRINTS CHARACTER TO SCREEN |
| 2 | &02 | STX | NONE | TURNS TEXT CURSOR OFF |
| 3 | &03 | ETX | NONE | TURNS TEXT CURSOR ON IN IMMEDIATE || | | | | MODE |
| 4 | &04 | EOT | 0-2 | SET SCREEN MODE |
| 5 | &05 | ENQ | 0-255 | PRINT CHARACTER AT GRAPHICS CURS. |
| 17 | 145 (128+17) | File already exists. |
| 18 | 146 (128+18) | File does not exists. |
| 19 | 147 (128+19) | Direcotry Directory is full. |
| 20 | 148 (128+20) | Disc is full. |
| 21 | 149 (128+21) | Disc changed while file were open. |
run
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==== <code><big>UNT (add<address expression>)</big></code> ====: ''BASIC 1.0 & 1.1'': '''FUNCTION''': Return an integer in the range -32768 to +32767 which is the twos-complement equivalent of the unsigned value of the <address expression>.
: Returns an integer(-32768 to 32767) which is the two's complement of add.''Associated keywords''': CINT, FIX, INT, ROUND
: '''Example''':<pre>PRINT UNT(&FF66)-154</pre>==== <code><big>UPPER$(<string expression>)</big></code> ====: ''BASIC 1.0 & 1.1'': '''FUNCTION''': Returns a new string expression which is a copy of the specified <string expression> but in which all alphabetic characters in the range A to Z are converted to upper case. The function is useful for processing input which may come in mixed upper / lower case.
: '''Associated keywords''': LOWER$
: '''Example''':
<pre>
10 CLS: a$="my, how you've grown!"20 PRINT UNTUPPER$(&FF66a$) - prints -154run
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==== <code><big>VAL(<string expression>)</big></code> ====
: ''BASIC 1.0 & 1.1''
: '''FUNCTION''': Returns the numeric VALue, (including any negative sign and decimal point) of the first character(s) in the specified <string expression>.
:If the first character is not a number, then 0 is returned. If the first character is a negative sign or decimal point followed by non-numeric characters, a 'Type mismatch' error (13) will be reported.
: Gives copy of '''1. Example''':<pre>PRINT VAL("-12.34x"),VAL("A-12") -12.34 0</pre>: '''Exception''': if <se > starts with all alphabetic characters "&" + character (and it's between "A" and "F") the whole character will be handled like a hexadezimal numeric character (...often used in upper caseDATA Loaders). The returning numeric value is a signed integer (16-Bit Word). : '''2.Example''':<pre>PRINT VAL("&A") 10
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:Exception'''3. Example''': if <sepre> starts with 10 CLS: PRINT "&I know my times tables!" + character (and it's between "A20 PRINT:PRINT " and "F") the whole character will be handled like Press a hexadezimal numeric character key (...often used in DATA Loaders1 to 9). The returning numeric value is "30 a signed integer $=INKEY$:IF a$="" THEN 3040 n=VAL(16-Bit Worda$). :if n<pre1 or n>9 then 3050 FOR x=1 to 1260 PRINT n;VAL("&X";x;A"=";n*x70 NEXT:GOTO 20run</pre>==== <code><big>VPOS (#<stream expression>) - returns a 10</big></code> ====: ''BASIC 1.0 & 1.1'': '''FUNCTION''': Reports the current vertical POSition of the text cursor relative to the top of the text window. The <stream expression> MUST be specified, and does NOT default to #0.
: '''Example''':<pre>10 MODE 1:BORDER 0:LOCATE 8,220 PRINT "use cursor up/down keys"30 WINDOW 39,39,1,25:CURSOR 1,140 LOCATE 1,350 IF INKEY(0)<>-1 THEN PRINT CHR$(11);VAL60 IF INKEY(2)<>-1 THEN PRINT CHR$(10);70 LOCATE #1,3,2480 PRINT #1,"text cursor "&800090 PRINT #1,"vertical position =";100 PRINT #1,VPOS(#0) - returns a -32768:GOTO 50run</pre>==== <code><big>XPOS</big></code> ====: ''BASIC 1.0 & 1.1'': '''FUNCTION''': Reports the current horizontal (X)POSition of the graphics cursor.
: '''Example''':<pre>10 MODE 1:DRAW 320,20020 PRINT "graphics cursor X position = ";30 PRINT XPOS</pre>==== <code>XPOS<big>YPOS</big></code> ====: Returns ''BASIC 1.0 & 1.1'': '''FUNCTION''': Reports the current horizontal vertical (xY) position POSition of the graphics graphic cursor.
== Other Basic Dialects available for the CPC ==
