µPD765 - Floppy Disc Controller (used in CPC 664, CPC 6128, 6128 Plus and [[DDI-1]] expansion).
Besides the Amstrad CPC, this chip equipped the [[PCW|Amstrad PCW]], the [[ZX Spectrum|ZX Spectrum +3]] , the [[SC-3000|Sega SC-3000]], and the [[PC|IBM PC]] (including [[Amstrad PC]]).
The recommended ports used by Amstrad and compatible interfaces are:
=== Other Variants ===
NEC has developed various successors to the original uPD765, such as the uPD72065(used in the [[Sharp X68000]]), uPD72067, and uPD72069.
Intel has also produced successors of the 8272, such as the 82072, 82077 and 82078.
The КР1810ВГ72А is a Soviet clone of the Intel i8272. It is used in the [[Aleste 520EX]] clone of the Amstrad CPC computer.
The [https://map.grauw.nl/resources/disk/toshiba_tc8566af.pdf Toshiba TC8566AF] is also a variant of the FDC765.
=== Competitors ===
* the 765 only does standard track formats (preamble, marks and data fields), while the 179x will write anything you tell it in the write track (formatting a track) mode.
NoteSome other computers adopted 3inch floppy disks like Amstrad, but used different FDC chips: While the * [[Oric-1/Atmos|Oric]] uses the same 3inch floppy disks as the Amstrad CPC, it uses the WD1773 (Jasmin) or WD1793 (Microdisc) FDC chip* [[Tatung Einstein]] uses the WD1770 FDC chip Third-party 3inch floppy disk drives (like the Amdek Amdisk) were also available for many systems: Apple II, Atari 8-bit, Tandy CoCo, BBC Micro, etc..
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* [[Media:UPD765_App_Note_Mar79.pdf| NEC uPD765 Datasheet preliminary (1979)]] [[Media:D765 NEC.pdf]] [[Media:UPD765-NEC.pdf]] [[Media:Z765A datasheet.pdf]] - uPD765 disc controller
* [[Media:Intel 8272A Datasheet preliminary (1982).pdf]] [[Media:Datasheet.hk_d8272a_2873060.pdf|Intel 8272A Datasheet (1986)]] [[Media:Floppy Disk Controller(FDC) UM8272A UM8272A-4.pdf]] - Licensed clone of the uPD765
* [[Media:WD37C65 datasheet.pdf]] - NEC 765 controller clone with onboard data seperator and AT/EISA compatibility
* [[Media:TN6-1 9216 Floppy Disk Data Separator Jun82.pdf]] [[Media:FDC9216 datasheet.PDF]] [[Media:SED9420.pdf]] - Data separators
* [[Media:DDI Schematic.png]] - DDI-1 Schematic (disc interface for CPC464)
*[http://quasar.cpcscene.net/doku.php?id=assem:fdc Quasar FDC documentation (in french)]
*[https://64nops.wordpress.com/2021/07/04/a-la-decouverte-du-fdc/ FDC blog articles (in french)]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_floppy_disk History of the floppy disk] Wikipedia article
*[https://www.cpc-power.com/cpcarchives/index.php?page=articles&num=92 Floppy disk formats (in french)]
*[https://www.fvempel.nl/3bible.html The 3inch bible]
*[https://info-coach.fr/atari/hardware/FD-Hard.php Atari ST Floppy Drive hardware analysis]
*[https://map.grauw.nl/articles/low-level-disk/ MSX low-level disk storage article]
*[https://youtu.be/aoXr7Anr5DY Réparation de lecteursAmstrad] [https://youtu.be/-A-USMg9xvE Un Gotek dans un CPC] [https://youtu.be/QPFVfgaMv68 Les disquettes : Le fonctionnement] [https://youtu.be/RMTYevdGH6I Les protections] by [[Rodrik Studio]]
*[https://github.com/dbalsom/fluxfox FluxFox] A floppy disk image library in Rust